July 22 in history — What Happened Today in History

Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.

Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War.

Pan Am Flight 816 crashes after takeoff from Faa'a International Airport in Papeete, French Polynesia, killing 78.

Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance.

Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.

Soviet space dogs: Dezik and Tsygan were launched into a sub-orbital spaceflight from Kapustin Yar and became the first dogs to fly in space and the first to safely return.

King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.

The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland.

World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily.

World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22.

The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.

Grossaktion Warsaw: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto begins.

New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Spanish Civil War: The Popular Executive Committee of Valencia takes power in the Valencian Community.

Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes.

Rif War: The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco.

Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40.

The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but the "official" victory was awarded to Albert Lemaître driving his three-horsepower petrol engined Peugeot.

Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful" after admiring the view from the top of Pikes Peak near Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Abdur Rahman is proclaimed emir of Afghanistan after having been accepted as ruler by the British.

American Civil War: In the Battle of Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill outside Atlanta.

The Slavery Abolition Act passes in the British House of Commons, initiating the gradual abolition of slavery in most parts of the British Empire.

Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca: British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.

Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Cape Finisterre: An inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of France and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.

Emperor Gia Long conquers Hanoi and unified Viet Nam, which had experienced centuries of feudal warfare.

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.

Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.

Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.

Sahaphap Wongratch, Thai actor, model, and singer

Kevin Fiala, Swiss ice hockey player

Skyler Gisondo, American actor

Ezekiel Elliott, American football player

Armaan Malik, Indian playback singer, composer and songwriter

Jonathan Owens, American football player

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, Kyrgyzstani-American terrorist

Anja Aguilar, Filipino actress and singer

Selena Gomez, American singer and actress

Carolin Schnarre, German Paralympic equestrian

Taylor Lewan, American football player

Matty James, English footballer

Tomi Juric, Australian footballer

Louis Lentin, Irish director and producer (born 1933)

Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (born 1971)

Natalie de Blois, American architect, co-designed the Lever House (born 1921)

Dennis Farina, American policeman and actor (born 1944)

Lawrie Reilly, Scottish footballer (born 1928)

Rosalie E. Wahl, American lawyer and judge (born 1924)

Ding Guangen, Chinese engineer and politician (born 1929)

George Armitage Miller, American psychologist and academic (born 1920)

Frank Pierson, American director and screenwriter (born 1925)

Linda Christian, Mexican-American actress (born 1923)

Cees de Wolf, Dutch footballer (born 1945)

Kenny Guinn, American banker and politician, 27th Governor of Nevada (born 1936)

Richard M. Givan, American lawyer and judge (born 1921)